19C Women in Gardens with Parasols - American

Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939) Woman with a Garden Parasol, c. 1906

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens with Parasols - American

Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939) The Pink Garden Parasol 1913

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens - American Frederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935).

Frederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935). Poppies on the Isles of Shoals, Maine.

Biography of Frederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935)

Frederick Childe Hassam, born on October 17, 1859, in Dorchester, Massachusetts, became one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters. Hassam began his career as a draftsman & illustrator, but he soon transitioned to painting, studying at the Boston Art Club & then at the Académie Julian in Paris. His time in France from 1886 to 1889 deeply influenced his style, which merged American realism with French Impressionism.

Hassam returned to the United States & settled in New York City, where he became a leading figure in the American Impressionist movement. He co-founded the group known as "The Ten American Painters" in 1898, advocating for Impressionism in the U.S. His works often depicted urban scenes, landscapes, & coastal views, characterized by their vibrant light, color, & brushwork.

Hassam gained significant recognition for his "Flag Series," painted during World War I, which symbolized American patriotism. Over his career, he produced over 3,000 works, including oil paintings, watercolors, & prints. He died on August 27, 1935, in East Hampton, New York, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence American art.

Bibliography

Books:

Broun, Elizabeth. Childe Hassam: Impressionist. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

Cortissoz, Royal. Childe Hassam. Scribner’s Sons, 1913.

Gerdts, William H. Childe Hassam: Impressionist of the Cities. Abbeville Press, 1994.

Pisano, Ronald G. The Complete Catalogue of Known & Documented Work by Frederick Childe Hassam (1859-1935). New York: American Art Association, 1992.

Tarbell, Roberta K. Childe Hassam's New York. Museum of the City of New York, 1993.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. Childe Hassam: American Impressionist. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.

Articles:

Adelson, Warren. "Hassam & the Flag Paintings of World War I." The American Art Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, 1982, pp. 4-30.

Bauer, Peter. "Hassam’s Vision of America: The Artist’s Role in Shaping National Identity." American Art, vol. 25, no. 3, 2011, pp. 32-50.

Cikovsky, Nicolai Jr. "Childe Hassam’s Urban Modernity." Art in America, vol. 92, no. 5, 2004, pp. 85-91.

Howat, John K. "The American Flag in Childe Hassam’s Work: Symbolism & Patriotism." American Art Review, vol. 5, no. 3, 1993, pp. 68-85.

Taylor, Alex. "Monet, Hassam, and the Aesthetics of American Impressionism." The Art Bulletin, vol. 94, no. 4, 2012, pp. 573-595.

Wilkin, Karen. "Childe Hassam & the American Impressionists." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 128, no. 1000, 1986, pp. 761-764.

Zilczer, Judith. "Childe Hassam: An American Impressionist." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, 1984, pp. 6-23.

19C Women in Gardens with Parasols - American Artist

 

Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939) Woman with a Parasol Promenades in the Garden

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

Women with Flowers - American Artist

 

Frederick Frieseke (1874-1939)

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens - American

 

Abbott Fuller Graves (American painter) 1859 - 1936 Morning n the Garden

Biography of Abbott Fuller Graves (1859-1936)

Abbott Fuller Graves, born on April 15, 1859, in Weymouth, Massachusetts, known for his vibrant floral compositions & detailed architectural scenes. Graves initially trained as a horticulturist, a background that deeply influenced his artistic focus on flowers & garden settings. His formal art education began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology & continued in Paris at the Académie Julian, where he absorbed the techniques of French Impressionism, which significantly shaped his style.

Graves specialized in floral still lifes & garden scenes, celebrated for their rich color, intricate detail, & strong sense of light. Throughout his career, Graves exhibited at major venues such as the Paris Salon, the National Academy of Design in New York, & the Art Institute of Chicago.

Graves played a significant role in the American art community as a teacher in Boston. He influenced many students with his knowledge of both horticulture & art. He continued to paint & exhibit until his death on July 15, 1936, in Kennebunkport, Maine. 

Bibliography

Books:

Falk, Peter Hastings. Who Was Who in American Art: 1564-1975. Sound View Press, 1999.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 1984.

Porter, Dean A. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Reed, Walt. The Illustrator in America, 1880-1980. Madison Square Press, 1984.

Articles:

Dearinger, David B. "Abbott Fuller Graves: Painter of Flowers & Rustic Architecture." American Art Review, vol. 16, no. 1, 2004, pp. 108-115.

Gerdts, William H. "The Lost Garden: Abbott Fuller Graves & His Boston School Connections." The Boston Art Club Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, 1995, pp. 45-53.

Murray, Ruth. "Horticulture in Art: The Floral Paintings of Abbott Fuller Graves." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 144, no. 4, 1993, pp. 224-230.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. "American Impressionists Abroad & at Home: Paintings from the Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 54, no. 3, 1997, pp. 22-25.

19C Women in Gardens - American

 

Daniel Ridgway Knight (American painter) 1839 - 1924 A Moment's Pause

19C Women & Gardens - American Artist

 

Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939)  Lady with a Garden Parasol 

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens - British

Beatrice Parsons (British painter) 1870 - 1955  The Annunciation, 1897-99

19C Women in Gardens - Italian

Antonino Leto (Italian painter) 1844 - 1913  Il Gioco a Villa Tasca

19C Women & Gardens - American Artist

 

Frederick Frieseke (American artist, 1874-1939) Woman with Garden Parasol in June

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens - North Africa

Frederick Arthur Bridgman (American painter) 1847 - 1928A  North African Courtyard, 1879

19C Women in Gardens - France

Daniel Ridgway Knight (American painter) 1839 - 1924  Coffee in the Garden, Paris

Biography of Daniel Ridgway Knight (1839-1924)

Daniel Ridgway Knight, born on March 15, 1839, in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.  Knight initially trained at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts before moving to Paris to study under the acclaimed artists Charles Gleyre & Jean-Léon Gérôme. His artistic style evolved into a blending academic precision with a naturalistic approach.

Knight settled in France, where he developed his signature style of depicting everyday scenes of rural life. He often painted en plein air, capturing the beauty of the French countryside with meticulous attention to light, color, & detail. His compositions typically featured peasant women engaged in simple, tranquil activities, exuding a sense of serenity & harmony with nature. Knight’s work resonated with both American & European audiences, earning him numerous accolades, including medals at the Paris Salon & the Exposition Universelle.

Knight passed away on March 9, 1924, in Paris. His work remains celebrated for its technical skill, attention to detail, & ability to capture the quiet beauty of rural existence.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Patricia. Daniel Ridgway Knight: American Artist in France. Somogy Art Publishing, 2009.

Falk, Peter Hastings. Who Was Who in American Art: 1564-1975. Sound View Press, 1999.

Rehs, Howard L. The Life & Art of Daniel Ridgway Knight. Rehs Galleries, 2004.

Articles:

Barr, Stephanie. "Daniel Ridgway Knight & the Cult of the Peasant in French Art." The Journal of American Art, vol. 18, no. 2, 2007, pp. 54-67.

Cox, Jay. "American Expatriates & the French Rural Ideal: The Art of Daniel Ridgway Knight." American Art Review, vol. 21, no. 4, 2009, pp. 112-123.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. "Rural Genre Painting & American Expatriates: Daniel Ridgway Knight’s Vision of France." American Art Journal, vol. 40, no. 3, 2012, pp. 88-101.

Zygmont, Bryan J. "The Artistic Legacy of Daniel Ridgway Knight: America’s Painter of Rural Life." American Fine Art Magazine, vol. 16, no. 5, 2018, pp. 72-83.

19C Women & Gardens - American Artist

 

Biography of Frederick Carl Frieseke (1874-1939)

Frederick Carl Frieseke, born on April 7, 1874, in Owosso, Michigan, became one of the prominent figures in American Impressionism. After studying at the Art Institute of Chicago & the Art Students League of New York, Frieseke moved to Paris in 1898 to further his training. He studied at the Académie Julian & the Académie Carmen under James McNeill Whistler, whose emphasis on color & light profoundly influenced his work.

Frieseke settled in Giverny, France, in 1906, where he became closely associated with the American expatriate art colony. His work during this period, characterized by a focus on light, color, & the depiction of women in domestic & outdoor settings, gained widespread acclaim. Frieseke’s paintings often featured serene, & sun-dappled gardens rendered with a soft, harmonious palette.

Throughout his career, Frieseke exhibited widely in both Europe & the United States, earning numerous awards & honors. Although he spent much of his career in France, his work remained influential in the United States. Frederick Carl Frieseke passed away on August 24, 1939, in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, France, as one of America’s foremost Impressionist painters.

Bibliography

Books:

Adams, Henry. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Evolution of an American Impressionist. Telfair Museum of Art, 2001.

Booth, James, & Larkin, Susan. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Painter as Poet. Hudson Hills Press, 1998.

Chotner, Deborah. American Impressionism & Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Gerdts, William H. American Impressionism. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Gerdts, William H., & Hiesinger, Ulrich W. Impressionism Abroad: Boston & American Expatriate Painters. Abbeville Press, 2001.

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. Moving Pictures: American Art & Early Film, 1880-1910. Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

Vose, Marcia. Frederick Carl Frieseke: The Light Within. Vose Galleries, 1986.

Weinberg, H. Barbara. The American Pupils of Jean-Léon Gérôme. Garland Publishing, 1984.

Articles:

Caldwell, Martha. "A Light Among the Impressionists: The Art of Frederick Carl Frieseke." Smithsonian Studies in American Art, vol. 9, no. 2, 2003, pp. 68-85.

Evans, Helen. "Frieseke in Giverny: A Study of Light & Color." The Art Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 4, 2001, pp. 602-618.

Hiesinger, Ulrich W. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: An American in Giverny." American Art Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 2000, pp. 110-121.

Johnston, Kimberly. "Women & Domesticity in the Work of Frederick Carl Frieseke." American Art Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2005, pp. 14-29.

Owens, Gwendolyn. "Frederick Carl Frieseke & the Art of Intimacy." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1184, 2001, pp. 46-53.

Taylor, Kimberly A. "Frederick Carl Frieseke: Impressionism & the Aesthetic of Pleasure." Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, 2002, pp. 22-38.

Tovey, Frank. "Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Aesthetic Vision: American & French Influences." American Art Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 2008, pp. 40-57.

Wilkin, Karen. "Frieseke’s French Connection: American Impressionism Revisited." The Magazine Antiques, vol. 162, no. 5, 2003, pp. 194-203.

19C Women in Gardens - French

Berthe Morisot (French painter) 1841 - 1895 La Leçon au Jardin (The Lesson in the Garden), 1886