12-1300s The Adoration of the Magi

Attributed to Giotto (Ambrogio Bondone) (Italian artist, 1267-1337) Adoration of the Magi Arena Chapel

 

1400s The Adoration of the Magi

Attributed to Gerard David (Flemish painter, 1460-1523) Adoration of the Magi

Gerard David was probably born in Oudewater; exactly when he emigrated from this north Netherlandish town near Haarlem to the southern Netherlands is not known. He may have spent a period of time in Dieric Bouts's Leuven workshop, which continued under Bouts's sons, Aelbert and Dieric the Younger. 

1504 The Adoration of the Magi

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) Adoration of the Magi (detail) 1504

 

1400s The Adoration of the Magi

Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish painter, 1400-1464) Adoration of the Magi

 

1600s The Adoration of the Magi

Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish painter, 1598–1664) Adoration of the Magi

 

1445 The Adoration of the Magi

Attributed to Fra Filippo Lippi (Italian Renaissance painter, c 1406–1469) also called Lippo Lippi, Adoration of the Magi c 1445

In Eastern Christianity, especially the Syriac churches, the Magi often number 12. Their identification as kings in later Christian writings is probably linked to Isaiah 60:1–6, which refers to "kings [coming] to the brightness of your dawn" bearing "gold & frankincense." Further identification of the Magi with kings may be due to Psalm 72:11, "May all kings fall down before him."

1526 The Adoration of the Magi

Quinten Metsys (Netherlandish painter, 1466-1530) The Adoration of the Magi, 1526

 

1517 The Adoration of the Magi

Correggio (Antonio Allegri) (Italian painter, c 1489-1534) Adoration of the Christ Child by the Magi-1517

The luxurious gifts btought to give the newborn Jesus mighy indicate that these visitors from the East “are people of great wealth & power, that’s kind of obvious based on the things they bring,” says Dr. Kristin Swenson, an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. “They are called Magi in the Greek, which was a term that referred to a kind of subclass of Persian priests." 

The biblical Magi, also known as the Three Wise Men, the Three Kings, & the Three Magi, were distinguished foreigners in the Gospel of Matthew. They are said to have visited Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense, & myrrh. They are figures in traditional accounts of the nativity celebrations of Christmas & are an important part of Christian tradition.

1440 The Adoration of the Magi

Attributed to Fra Angelico (Italian painter, 1387-1455) Adoration of the Magi 1440

 

1500s The Adoration of the Magi

 Giorgio Vasari (Italian artist, 1511–1574) Adoration of the Magi

The only reference to these 3 men from the East in the Bible is in Chapter 2 of the Gospel of Matthew, & they’re not called “wise men,” or “kings.” There’s also no mention of how many men were there. It only describes “some men from the East” & “visitors from the East.” 

The Gospel of Matthew is the only one of the 5 gospels in The New Testament of the Bible to mention the Magi. Matthew 2:1–2 has it that they came "from the east" to worship the "king of the Jews." The gospel does not mention the number of Magi. Still, most western Christian denominations traditionally portray them to have been 3 in number, based on the biblical statement that they brought 3 gifts.

1340 The Adoration of the Magi

Attributed to Pietro Lorenzetti (Sienese painter, fl 1306-1345) Adoration of the Magi c 1340

 

1400s The Adoration of the Magi

Domenico Ghirlandaio (Italian artist, 1449–1494) The Adoration of the Magi