19C Women in Gardens - Australian

 
Emanuel Phillips Fox (Australian painter) 1865 - 1915 The Arbor,

19C Women in Gardens - British

 
George Dunlop Leslie (British painter) 1835 - 1921  Five O'Clock, c. 1874

+++ 19C Women in Gardens German

 

Frederick Walker (British painter) 1840 - 1875 Garden in Autumn, 1864

+++ 18C American Women in Gardens

1742-46 1750s Walled Garden & Grounds at Cleve in Virginia. Anne Byrd of Westover (1725-1757) (Mrs. Charles Carter). Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.attributed to William Dering, Anne Byrd Carter. 

Detail 1755 Joseph Blackburn (fl 1753-1763). Isaac Winslow & His Family with a brick garden wall with finials at the gate in background. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

1760 William Williams (1727-1791). Deborah Richmond in front of a sophisticated curved wall. 

c 1763 John Singleton Copley (1738-1815). Mary Turner (Mrs. Daniel Sargent) in front of a Garden Wall.

1767 James Claypoole (1743-1814). Ann Galloway (Mrs Joseph Pemberton) sitting at a low wall.

Women & Gardens - American

 Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910)  Girl and Laurel 

"The sun will not rise or set without my notice, and thanks." Winslow Homer

Winslow Homer was an American artist. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19C America and a preeminent figure in American art. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator.

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) Peach Blossoms

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) Girl in a Garden

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) Peach Blossoms

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) The Garden Wall

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) On the Fence

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) The Garden Gate

Women & Gardens - American

Richard Edward Miller (American painter, 1875-1943) By the Riverbank 1910

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) In the Garden

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) Reading in the Garden

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) Summer Reverie in the Garden

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) The Garden Seat

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) Woman Reading in the Garden

Richard Emil Miller (1875-1943) Woman with Parasol in the Garden

Richard Edward or Emil Miller (1875-1943) Reverie in the Garden

Richard Edward Miller (American Painter, 1875–1943): Biography

Richard Edward Miller was an American Impressionist painter born on March 22, 1875, in St. Louis, Missouri, and best known for his paintings of women in richly decorated interiors or bathed in outdoor sunlight. He was part of the Giverny Group, a colony of American painters in Giverny, France, associated with Claude Monet, and a prominent member of the American Impressionist movement. His work is characterized by its vibrant color, intimate domestic scenes, and a focus on capturing light and atmosphere.

Miller studied at the St. Louis School of Fine Arts, an experience that laid the groundwork for his later development. He moved to Paris in 1898 to attend the Académie Julian, a renowned private art academy where he honed his craft under teachers like Jean-Paul Laurens. Miller became part of the American Art Colony in Giverny, where he developed his signature style. His works are distinguished by their vivid color palette, loose brushwork, and graceful depictions of women, often in peaceful, contemplative poses.

In 1906, Miller exhibited at the Salon de la Société des Artistes Français in Paris, marking his international breakthrough. By this time, his style had evolved towards decorative Impressionism, marked by lush patterns, vibrant color contrasts, and intimate settings of women in interiors or gardens.

In 1910, Miller returned to the United States and taught at the Provincetown Art Colony in Massachusetts, which became an important site for American modernist painters. He also taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Miller's time as a teacher influenced a generation of American artists.

His career garnered many honors, including medals at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) in San Francisco. Miller's paintings are held in numerous major public collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, and others.

 Miller is most noted for his portraits of women in intimate, everyday settings, surrounded by luxurious, colorful fabrics and bathed in soft light. His brushwork is fluid and expressive, akin to the French Impressionist style, but his compositions often exhibit a more structured, decorative quality that aligns him with the decorative arts movement of the early 20th century. His use of bold patterns and strong colors demonstrates a mastery of color harmony and an interest in the effects of natural and artificial light.

Miller passed away on January 23, 1943, in St. Augustine, Florida, leaving behind a legacy as one of the premier American Impressionists of his time.

Bibliography 

Books:

Adams, Henry. American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.

Clark, Charles Teaze. Richard E. Miller: An Impression and Appreciation. The Richard E. Miller Memorial Association, 1944.

Gerdts, William H., and Abigail Booth Gerdts. Richard E. Miller: American Impressionist. Spanierman Gallery, 1997.

McConkey, Kenneth. Impressionism in Britain and America. Phaidon Press, 1990.

Spanierman, Ira. American Painting in the Impressionist Era: The Influence of the French School from Barbizon Through Giverny. Spanierman Gallery, 1980.

Articles:

Carbone, Teresa A. "Women and Domestic Spaces in American Impressionism: The Case of Richard Edward Miller." American Art, vol. 18, no. 3, 2004, pp. 30-48.

Fry, Linda L. "Richard E. Miller: American Impressionist." American Art Review, vol. 6, no. 1, 1994, pp. 112-123.

Gerdts, William H. "Richard E. Miller and the American Garden." Garden History, vol. 22, no. 1, 1994, pp. 85-95.

Kilmurray, Elaine, and David Ludley. "Giverny Revisited: The Influence of Claude Monet on American Painters in France." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 125, no. 967, 1983, pp. 347-349.

19C Women in Gardens - British

 

George Clausen (British painter) 1852 - 1944 Daydreams in the Garden 1883

George Clausen (1852–1944) – Biography

George Clausen, born in London on April 18, 1852, was a prominent British painter and a key figure in the New English Art Club. Known for his naturalistic style and focus on rural life, Clausen was deeply influenced by French naturalism, particularly by the works of Jules Bastien-Lepage. He studied at the South Kensington School of Art and the Académie Julian in Paris, where he was exposed to plein air painting and the tenets of realism.

In his early career, Clausen depicted rural scenes with a social message, emphasizing the hardships and dignity of rural laborers. His work, often focused on light and atmosphere, evolved over time to include a more impressionistic touch, though he remained committed to depicting everyday life. Clausen became a respected academician, holding several important teaching posts, including a professorship at the Royal Academy Schools.

His career spanned over six decades, during which he exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Grosvenor Gallery, and other prestigious institutions. Clausen's work from the First World War period, when he was appointed as an official war artist, took on a more somber tone. He captured the emotional toll of the war in works like The Road to the Trenches (1919).

In addition to painting, Clausen wrote extensively on art and technique, contributing significantly to art theory during his time. He passed away in Newbury, Berkshire, in November 1944 at the age of 92, leaving behind a legacy of works that captured the life of rural England and its people.

Bibliography

Books

Blunt, Wilfrid. England in the Age of George Clausen. London: Faber and Faber, 1976.

Clausen, George. Aims and Ideals in Art. London: Methuen & Co., 1906.

Clausen, George. The Art of George Clausen, R.A., with an Introduction and Notes by the Artist. London: Ernest Brown and Phillips, 1923.

Cursiter, Stanley. George Clausen, A.R.A.: A Study of His Art. London: Odhams Press, 1920.

Johnson, W. McAllister. George Clausen and the Picture of English Rural Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.

Tovey, Donald. British Painters and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1955.

Willsdon, Claire. The Cult of the Farmer: Representations of Rural Life in British Painting, 1880-1914. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

Articles

Carrier, David. "The Role of Rural Life in George Clausen's Works." Art Journal, vol. 38, no. 2, 1979, pp. 128-134.

Fleming, Gordon H. "George Clausen: A Modern Realist." The Burlington Magazine, vol. 118, no. 880, 1976, pp. 607-610.

Harding, Jennifer. "Nature and Industrialism in Clausen's Early Work." Journal of British Studies, vol. 42, no. 3, 1985, pp. 289-307.

Harrison, Charles. "Reassessing the New English Art Club and Clausen’s Impact." The Art Bulletin, vol. 72, no. 1, 1990, pp. 47-60.

Newall, Christopher. "George Clausen's Depiction of Labor: Realism or Idealism?" The Victorian Review, vol. 15, no. 3, 1989, pp. 15-26.

Stephens, F.G. "Rural Aesthetics in Clausen’s Paintings." Art Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 4, 1928, pp. 401-417.

Thompson, James. "Clausen’s War Art: An Artist’s Response to Conflict." British Art Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, 2002, pp. 85-93.

Woolford, Susan. "The British Countryside in the Age of Industrialization: George Clausen and His Contemporaries." Oxford Art Journal, vol. 34, no. 4, 1998, pp. 423-438.